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Phoenix



Phoenix (Latin phoenix; possibly from Greek. "purple, crimson") is a mythological bird with the ability to burn itself and then be reborn. It is known in the mythology of different cultures, and is often associated with the cult of the Sun. It was believed that the phoenix looked like an eagle with bright red or golden-red plumage. Anticipating death, he burns himself in his own nest, and a baby bird appears from the ashes. According to other versions of the myth, the phoenix itself is reborn from the ashes. Sometimes it was believed that the phoenix was the only unique individual of its kind. In a metaphorical interpretation, the phoenix is a symbol of eternal renewal, immortality.

The first written mention of the Phoenix myth is found in Herodotus (5th century BC). He reports that this bird is from Arabia, lives for 500 years with its parent, and when he dies, flies to the temple of the Sun god in the Egyptian city of Heliopolis and buries the body of the parent there. Herodotus does not mention the self-immolation of the phoenix and the subsequent rebirth, but characterizes the myth itself as implausible. Tacitus also considers the legend to be fiction, but writes that during the consulship of Paul Fabius and Lucius Vitellius (around 35 A.D.), many in Egypt saw the arrival of the phoenix. In Tacitus' retelling, the phoenix gives birth to a baby bird once every 500 years, after which it dies. The legend is mentioned by other ancient authors, most of whom already include the self-immolation act of the phoenix.

According to Pliny, the phoenix lives in the "Platonic" or "great year" (Pliny, Natural History, X, 2), the time during which the Sun, Moon and five planets return to their original position (25,920 years). Claudian (the end of the fourth century A.D.) already describes in verse an immortal bird reborn from the ashes, the heir of himself and the witness of many centuries.

In the Christian world, the phoenix means the triumph of eternal life, resurrection, faith, constancy; it is a symbol of Christ. In early Christianity, the phoenix is constantly found on funeral slabs: here its meaning is victory over death, resurrection from the dead. In Russia, the phoenix had analogues: the firebird and the Finist.

In the Jewish Kabbalah, there are some interpretations of the events that took place in Gan Eden (the Garden of Eden), where it is said that Hava (Eve) fed the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil to Adam's husband and all animals, birds and animals. Only the Phoenix bird did not succumb to temptation, which subsequently retained its relative immortality. This bird lives forever, every thousand years it burns up in flames coming out of its nest, and is reborn from the ashes. It also mentions the giant bird Ziz, which can cover the entire sun with one wing. Both of these birds, according to legend, were inhabitants of Gan Eden (the Garden of Eden) during the stay of Adam and Eve (Hava) there.

There is another legend about the immortal bird. During righteous Noah's 12-month stay in the Ark during the flood, he fed the animals there. Of all the inhabitants of the ark, only phoenix lay modestly curled up in a corner, and when Noah asked, "Why don't you ask for food?" he replied, "I saw how much trouble you had with others, and I didn't dare bother you." Touched by these words, Noah said, " You spared my labor, sympathizing with my sorrows. May God grant you eternal life!"

It should be noted that along with the phoenix, this bird is referred to in some places as "Hol" — the name of the phoenix in Hebrew is "Ofhol" (from Hebrew — "of" — "bird" and "hol" - sand, dust, ashes).



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